Structure Inspection Section#1 Footings and Foundations Quiz#9

You should have finished Study Session 8 and Quick Quiz 8 before starting this Study Session.

The estimated completion time is 45 minutes.

Objectives
At the end of this study session, you should be able to:

• Describe the causes of pier movement.
• Describe the implications of pier movement.
• Identify pier movement.
• Describe the causes and implications of cold joints and honeycombing. 

Give two causes of pilasters pulling away from the wall.

1. Poor installation, footing deteriorating, missing or undersized
2, Foundation wall pushing the pilaster away

In your own words, describe a cold joint as it relates to a concrete foundation.

A cold joint is formed when a foundation is poured at two separate times. The first part of the foundation has started to cure when the second part is poured. At the intersection, a cold joint is created.

List four causes of pier movement or settling.

1. Poor connection of piers to footings or floor assemblies 
2. Uneven loading of the pier 
3. Undersized or overloaded piers 
4. Deterioration of, or damage to, the pier 
5. Hollow masonry units installed on their side

The foundation should extend far enough out of the ground so that the wood members are not below grade. Explain why.

Wood members are prone to rot if they are at or below grade level.

What is honeycombing and what might it be caused by?

Honeycombing is a series of large voids or bubbles in poured concrete. This is typically caused by insufficient consolidation of the concrete before it is cured.