You should have finished Study Session 1 and Quick Quiz 1 before starting this Study Session.
The estimated completion time is 45 minutes.
Objectives
- List six common problems with masonry walls in addition to cracks.
- List six causes of leaning, bowing or bulging brick walls.
- List seven causes of mortar deterioration.
- Describe corbelling in one sentence.
Briefly describe corbelling. How much can a masonry wall be corbelled before it may become unstable?
Corbelling is staggering bricks so that higher bricks project out beyond bricks below. A wall can be corbelled one-third of its thickness before becoming unstable.
List seven causes of deteriorated mortar.
1. weathering
2. poor quality mortar
3. a poor job of laying the mortar (too thin or thick, uneven, incomplete, etc)
4. the weather was too hot to lay brick
5. the weather was too cold to lay brick
6. the mortar set too long before being used
7. additives to the mortar affected its strength
List six common causes of leaning, bowling, or bulging masonry walls.
1. no lateral support
2. foundation movement
3. sagging or sloping floor system
4. rafter spread
5. failure of ties
6. expansion of bricks
What causes wavy brick walls?
The walls may have been laid up too quickly or the mason may have skimped on the amount of mortar on the back part of the bricks.
What is a common cause of bulging masonry walls below windows?
Leaking water at the window has rusted metal ties.
You see large metal plates or stars on the outside of the masonry walls at the top of the first floor level of an older two-story building. Why are these here?
Rods used to stablizing settling house
Which walls tend to expand over time, after original construction?
clay brick <selected answer>
concrete block
poured concrete
concrete brick
wood frame
Bricks laid on their sides forming windows sills are structural problem.
False
Hollow concrete blocks are weaker if laid on their side
True
Patched cracks on brick are a sure sign of serious structural movement.
False
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